fgetc, getc

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File input/output


Functions
File access
Direct input/output
Unformatted input/output
fgetc
(until C11)(since C11)
(C95)(C95)
(C95)
(C95)(C95)
(C95)
(C95)
Formatted input
Formatted output
File positioning
Error handling
Operations on files
 
Defined in header <stdio.h>
int fgetc( FILE *stream );
int getc( FILE *stream );

Reads the next character from the given input stream. getc() may be implemented as a macro.

Parameters

stream - to read the character from

Return value

The obtained character on success or EOF on failure.

If the failure has been caused by end-of-file condition, additionally sets the eof indicator (see feof()) on stream. If the failure has been caused by some other error, sets the error indicator (see ferror()) on stream.

Example

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    FILE* fp = fopen("test.txt", "r");
    if(!fp) {
        perror("File opening failed");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
 
    int c; // note: int, not char, required to handle EOF
    while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) { // standard C I/O file reading loop
       putchar(c);
    }
 
    if (ferror(fp))
        puts("I/O error when reading");
    else if (feof(fp))
        puts("End of file reached successfully");
 
    fclose(fp);
}


References

  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
  • 7.21.7.1 The fgetc function (p: 330)
  • 7.21.7.5 The getc function (p: 332)
  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
  • 7.19.7.1 The fgetc function (p: 296)
  • 7.19.7.5 The getc function (p: 297-298)
  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
  • 4.9.7.1 The fgetc function
  • 4.9.7.5 The getc function

See also

(until C11)(since C11)
reads a character string from stdin
(function)
writes a character to a file stream
(function)
puts a character back into a file stream
(function)
C++ documentation for fgetc, getc